Insomnia

According to they have demonstrated electroencefalográficos studies to it, the dream consists of two precise states: dream MOR (fast ocular movements), also called of dream, paradoxical state D or, and dream NMOR (noncMor). By different electroencefalográficos patterns, the dreams happen mainly in state MOR and smaller degree in the NMOR. The dream is a cyclical phenomenon, with four or five periods MOR during the night that correspond to almost one fourth part of the total of the nocturnal dream (one and average one to two hours).

First period MOR appears 80 to 120 minutes after beginning to sleep and lasts around 10 minutes. Later periods MOR more are prolonged (15 to 40 minutes) and happen mainly in the last hours of the dream. Almost all stage four (deepest) happens in the first hours. The alterations of the normal dream related to the age include a constant increase of dream MOR and diminution of stages three and four, with more periods in than awakes during the night.

These normal changes and the siestas in the day have a paper in the increase of the insomnia in age people outpost. The variations in the patterns of the dream can depend on the circumstances (for example, "delay of the jet") or on idiosincráticos patterns ("trasnochadores") in people in which perhaps by different biological rates they lie down late and usually they sleep until late in the morning. It also has individual rare with chronic difficulties to adapt to a cycle to sleep and to wake up of 24 hours (upheaval by desincronización of the dream).

Insomnia, is the traditional term, although disomnio would be the most precise term.

The fleeting episodes are common and they do not have importance. The persistent insomnia (by more than three weeks) is commonest in age people outpost for the commented reasons. It is possible that the clients complain 1) difficulty to sleep or to remain slept, 2) to wake up intermittent during the night, 3) to early wake up in the morning or 4) combinations of anyone of them.

Clinical upheavals

The psychiatric upheavals cause persistent insomnia frequently. The depression accompanies itself by fragmented dream or usually wakes up early in the morning, with diminution of the time and alteration of the distribution of dream NMOR, earlier beginning of dream MOR and a change of activity MOR to first half at night. In atypical cases, the depression can be accompanied by hipersomnio. In maniacos upheavals, the insomnia is a cardinal characteristic and a early important sign of imminent odd habit in bipolar cases. The drug abuse is accompanied frequently by insomnia, the one of the alcohol can cause or to be secondary to the upheaval of the dream.

There are tendencies to use the average alcohol like falling asleep without considering that it alters the normal cycle of the dream. The chronic abuse of the alcohol increases stage one and diminishes dream MOR, persisting the symptoms during many months after the individual has let drink. The acute suppression of the alcohol causes delay for the beginning of the dream and bounces MOR with waking up intermittent during the night. The intense tabaquismo (more than a small box per day) cause difficulty to conciliate the dream, apparently independent of the increase - frequently concurrent of the consumption of the coffee. The excessive caffein ingestion and other stimulants like popular remedies for resfrío almost at the time of lying down, mainly diminish the total time of MOR dream, with certain increase of the intensity of dream.

The hipnóticos sedatives, specifically the benzodiacepinas that are the medicines of election to promote the dream, tend to increase the time total of the dream, to diminish their latency and to reduce nocturnal waking up with variable effects in dream NMOR. Its suppression causes the opposite effects and it contributes to the problem with the prolonged sedative use. After a time (generally of 30 to 60 days to use it all the nights), the continuation of the use of the drug must like aim avoid suppression symptoms. Several psicoterapéuticos medicines (for example, trazodoma, tioridacina) have sedative indirect effect and can be chosen for the upheavals in which they have been indicated by this property; some prepared popular (for example, antihistamine, stimulating) are sold by their indirect effect of alteration of the dream. The antidepressing diminish dream MOR with remarkable bounce when suppressing them in nightmare form and have variable effects in the NMOR. First it is correlated with the information that they indicate that the suppression of dream MOR is parallel to the improvement of some depressions.

The persistent insomnia also is related to a great variety of medical upheavals in individual the pain and the syndromes of respiratory insufficiency. The suitable analgesia and the appropriate treatment of the medical problems will recudirá to the symptoms and will diminish the sedative necessity. Other upheavals that are accompanied by insomnia include mioclono nocturnal, that consists of movements repeated of the leg during the dream (each 20 to 40 seconds) by contraction of previous the tibial muscle. He can have to wake up intermittent, but the client generally does not realize problem. It is possible that there is dream during the day.

Treatment

In fleeting insomnia, it is enough with diminishing its importance and of giving confidence. It is necessary to provide to the client advice of common sense on the temperature of the room (the cold is better), sandwiches takes (a small ration of food or liquids), exercise in the day, to avoid injurious customs (much coffee, alcohol cigarettes) and siestas during the day (including the pitchings in front of the television set). It is possible that the clients with acute problems per nights of insomnia require of a brief course of benzodiacepinas (for example, temasepam 15 mm when lying down). Antihistamine, conladifehidramina or the hidroxina, is slight substitutes of the benzodiacepinas or the hydrate of cloral. It is not adapted to use antipsicóticos or antidepressing for dream problems.

The person who low of weight can recover it if she does not modify his patterns of feeding and their style of life. The obese people eat more quickly than the thin ones, which causes that they have a greater nourishing ingestion, with heavy digestions, reason why they exercise themselves less than the others. She compensates it emotional that experiences the people who manage to lower of weight is very rewarding, because she manages to improve his self-esteem and she increases his quality of life.

The obesity prevents the normal activity, originates short breathing, provides a bad appearance, produces muscular weakness: "to get fat it is to age". To treat this disease not only is by aesthetic, is to improve the health and to increase the life expectancy.

The treatment for the obesity is a process of personal change, that requires a certain time and that is not generally very short. Only one of each five obese ones arrives at the 70 years of age. The overfeeding and lack of exercise produce obesity. The obesity must to endogenous and exogenous causes, being the these last most common ones.

When the operation of one of the organs of the body is not the adapted one, the others are affected. The lack of physical exercise lowers the resistance to the diseases. When there is disease is physical damage, psychological and social. There is total health when the dynamic balance between the body, the spirit and the social surroundings is obtained.