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Stress

There is stress when the capacity of adaptation of the individual is crushed by the facts, the event can insignificant be considered objectively, and even by the favorable changes (for example, promotion and transference) that requires a adoptativa conduct, they can produce stress.

For each individual, stress is defined subjectively and the answer to the same one is a function of the personality and physiological dowry of each person.

Clinical classification and data

The studies on psycho-social factors provide some information as far as the possibility that the marriage, the familiar relations, the social relations of work and, the financial problems, the diseases and injuries, etc., cause stress. The stress causes are different in the diverse ages, for example, in the young adult, the stress sources are in the marriage or the relation of parents and children, the relations in the work and the struggle to obtain an economic stability; in the mature age, the approach changes to the modifications in the marital relations, the problems with the parents who age and the relations with its descendants of young adults who are finding situations estresantes; in the age outpost, it is probable that the main preoccupations are the retirement, the loss of the physical conditioning, the greater personal losses and the death thoughts.

An individual can react to stress with anxiety or depression, developing a physical symptom, moving away, taking a drink, initiating an adventure, or in other limitless forms. Answers subjective common are fear (to the repetition of the event that causes stress), fury (in the frustration), blames (on aggressive impulses) and suffers (by the hopelessness). Acute stress can be pronounced by the restlessness, irritability, fatigue, greater reaction of the scare and a feeling of tension. The incapacity to concentrate itself, the upheavals of the dream (insomnia, nightmares) and the somatic preoccupations lead frequently to the automedicación, more commonly with alcohol or other depressing of the central nervous system. The conduct of bad adaptation to stress denominates adjustment upheaval, specifying the main symptom, for example, "upheaval of adjustment with depressed spirit".

Anxiety

Open anxiety or an opened manifestation of a defense mechanism (like a phobia) or both. Not limited an adjustment upheaval. Referibles somatic symptoms to the independent nervous system or a specific system of organs (for example, disnea, palpitaciones, parestesias). It is not from physical upheavals, psychiatric states (schizophrenia) or of drugs (caffein). The anxiety is a reaction to a real or imaginary danger. He is ubicua and it can be a fleeting symptom or a debilitated chronic state. The anxiety upheavals can reflect the turn out on an attempt of bad adaptation to solve internal conflicts, that usually include not solved problems of the childhood like dependency, insecurity, hostility, excessive necessity of affection, preoccupations on the privacy of very intense impulses of being able and control.

The main components of the anxiety are psychological (tension, fears, difficulty of concentration, apprehension) and somatic (tachycardia, hyperventilation, tremor, sudación). In the annoyances of multiple systems other systems of organs can participate (for example, gastrointestinales). The fatigue and the upheavals of the dream are common. The simpaticomimétricos symptoms of anxiety are an answer to a state of the central nervous system and a reinforcement of greater anxiety. The anxiety can become in autogeneradora since the symptoms reinforce the reaction, originating a spiral. The resulting anxiety is handled in different forms. It can float freely, originating acute attacks of anxiety, that sometimes are made chronic.

When one works or several mechanisms of defense, the consequences are known problems affluent, like phobias, disociativos reactions of conversion, states, obsessions and compulsiones. The lack of structure is a factor contributor, as it is observed in the people who have "Sunday neurosis". They act well during the week with a program of planned work but they cannot tolerate the weekend without structure some.

The activities of planned time tend to imply anxiety and many people have greater difficulties when it is lost, like in the retirement. Some think that diverse manifestations of anxiety are not from unconscious conducts, but that is "habits", that is to say, persistent patterns of nonadoptativa conduct acquired by learning. The "habits" that are not adoptativos, are average nonsatisfactory to deal with the problems of the life, and there the resulting anxiety. Aid only looks for when the anxiety becomes very laborious. The exogenous factors, like the stimulants (for example, caffein), must consider like causal factors or contributors.

Upheaval of generalized anxiety

It is commonest of the clinically important upheavals of anxiety and happens with equal frequency in both sexes. The incapacitantes symptoms of the anxiety, like apprehension, somatic preoccupation, hypermonitoring and annoyances, very are prolonged and persistent at least by a month. The symptoms include the cardiovascular apparatuses (tachycardia, arterial hypertension), gastrointestinal (increase of the acidity, epigástrico pain) and the nervous system (migraines, cíncope). It is possible to identify in situations of the life some of the origins or the causes that exacervan the anxiety.

Upheaval of panic

It is characterized by recurrent, brief unpredictable episodes of intense anxiety, accompanied by remarkable physiological manifestations. The laborious symptoms, like disnea, tachycardia, palpitaciones, migraines, vertigos, parestesias, nauseas and timpanismo, are accompanied by imminent destruction. Although the panic attacks usually arise from spontaneous way, is possible that caffein is a precipitante factor. The panic tends to be familiar, to begin before the 25 years and has a frequency from 2 to 1 in women.

The clients usually are put under medical valuations of urgency (for example, "cardiac attacks" or "hipoglucemia") before settling down the correct diagnosis. He can have prolapse of mitral valve but not necessarily it is an important factor. The "air thirst" and tetania by the hyperventilation syndrome are alleviated quickly when the reinhalación is caused, placing a hermetic stock market on the nose and the mouth of the client. The clients with recurrent panic frequently become demoralized, agoraphobics and gotten depressed. The abuse of the alcohol is originated by autotratamiento and it is not rare that it is combined with dependency to sedatives.

Phobic upheaval

It can be considered that the phobic idea is a mechanism of "displacement" in which the client transfers the feelings of his anxiety of his true objective to which she can be avoided, of such form that does not feel anxiety. Nevertheless, they are ineffective mechanisms of defense, tends to have an increase in the objective, the intensity and the number of phobias. The agoraphobia (fear to open spaces and public areas) usually is accompanied by serious attacks of panic. The clients frequently develop the syndrome in the early adult life, making difficult a style of normal life.

Obsessive-compulsive upheaval

In the obsessive-compulsive reaction, the irrational idea or the impulse is inmiscuyen of persistent way in the knowledge. The obsessions (thoughts that constantly resort like fears to strike to somebody) and the compulsiones (repetitive actions, as to often wash the hands before pelar one Pope) are recognized by the individual as absurd and it resists to them, but the anxiety is only alleviated by the ritualista execution, the mechanical impulse or the consideration of the idea. The main preoccupation of the client is not to lose the control.

These clients predictable, usually are ordered, conscientious and intelligent characters that see in many compulsive conducts like the anorexy and the compulsive race. Under an extreme stress, these clients exhibit paranoides conducts and delusorias sometimes accompanied often by depression.

Dissociated upheaval

The usual dissociated states are flight, amnesia, sonambulismo and multiple personality. The reaction is precipitated by emotional crises, and although the main gain is to reduce the anxiety, the secondary one is a temporary solution of the crisis. The mechanisms include repression and isolation and particularly limited concentration, like which it is seen in hypnosis states. This upheaval is similar in many forms to the symptoms that are seen in clients with disfunction.